The Impact of Healthy Lifestyle Index on Hypertension among School Going Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purushottam Pramanik, Sanchita Rakshit Sanchita Rakshit

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of hypertension (HTN) in adulthood. Lifestyle factors including salt consumption, fruits and vegetable consumption, smoking status, alcohol consumption and sleeping duration is associated with blood pressure levels. ‘ Aims and objectives: Thus the aim of our study was to assess the relation between healthy lifestyle index composed of five modifiable lifestyle factors (body mass index, physical activity, fruit intake, extra salt consumption and sleeping duration) and prevalence of HTN among adolescent girls. Methodology: The present cross sectional study was conducted among female students aged 12-18 years. Height, weight and blood pressure were recorded. Information related to their age, dietary habit including fruit intake and consumption of salt which is added in food items in dining table, daily physical activity and sleeping duration was obtained from self-administered questionnaires. Healthy life style index (HLI) was calculated from 5 modifiable life style factors considering high risk factor as ‘0’ and low risk factor as ‘1’ giving a composite score ranging from 0 to 5. We classified the healthy life style index into three category: 0-2 as low; 3 as medium and 4-5 as high. SBP and/or DBP > 95th percentile in children below 13 years and 130/80 or above in adolescent 13 years or older was considered as HTN. Results are described as mean values + standard deviations (SD). Healthy life style index (low: 0-2; medium: 3; high: 4-5) and risk of HTN were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. The significance level of the tests were considered at a level of 0.05. Results: 18% participants were hypertensive. Significant correlation was obtained between hypertension and all tested life style factors. Magnitude of correlation was higher between HLI and blood pressure than correlation between individual lifestyle factor and blood pressure. Among tested lifestyle factors fruit intake, physical activity and sleeping duration was inversely associated with blood pressure where as direct association was obtained between blood pressure and salt consumption as well as BMI. Considering low HLI as reference group odd ratio significantly low in medium HLI (OR: 13.370; 95% CI: 7.191 to 21.279; p 95th percentile, avoid fruit consumption, consumption of extra salt, insufficient physical activity and inadequate sleeping duration. Conclusion: keep away salt from dining table and include fruit item in daily diet should be practiced in everyday life to minimize risk of hypertension. Maintenance of ideal body weight along with sufficient physical activity and adequate sleep is recommended as a healthy habit to minimize the risk of hypertension.
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